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Tropical forests extend in …, which is what we will show in this article, as tropical forests or rainforests are found in a large part of the globe, and they are characterized by being evergreen, as they are not subject to drought due to the abundance of rain in them, and they are also characterized by high heat and humidity, Therefore, it is a suitable place for the growth of some plants and animals that cannot be found elsewhere.

Tropical forests extend into

Tropical forests extend in the range of 28 degrees north or south of the equator, such forests are found in Asia, Australia, Africa, South America, Central America, Mexico and many Pacific islands, and they are very humid places, which receive more than 200 cm of rain annually, either seasonally or Throughout the year, temperatures are uniformly high, ranging between 20 and 35 degrees Celsius. [1]

Threats to tropical forests

Tropical forests possess the largest living biomass and are characterized by the highest rates of terrestrial biodiversity, as a diverse and complex ecosystem of organisms thrive in rain forests, and these forests are an essential part of the earth, providing humanity with air, water, food and medicine, and they absorb carbon to prevent Global warming, but rainforests are perhaps the most vulnerable on Earth. Every year, about 140,000 square kilometers of tropical forests are destroyed. These forests are cut down for timber by logging companies, and some people remove them. For cultivation. The most endangered rainforests are those in West Africa, where the population doubles every 20 years, and in Central America and Southeast Asia. Although large tracts of rainforests remain in Central Africa and South America, they are disappearing at an alarming rate. Degradation and deforestation in tropical countries is a major environmental, social and economic problem, and it will remain so unless action is taken. Time is short if we want to save the remaining rainforests for future generations and preserve the beautiful biodiversity that these forests shelter. [1]

Organisms in tropical forests

After answering the question of the extent of tropical forests in, we must mention that tropical rain forests are home to a variety of plants and animals, as it is possible to find about 50% of the world’s plants and animals, while the discovery of new species continues.

Tropical forest animals

There is a wide variety of animals that live in tropical forests, where we find howler and spider monkeys in abundance, and include other mammals of the rainforest; Sloths, tapirs, jaguars, ocelots, cancagus, lemurs, and agouti, and the warm and humid environment is also an ideal habitat for reptiles and amphibians, where many types of frogs, salamanders, snakes and lizards can be found in almost every layer of tropical forests, as well as butterflies and moths in the tropics. [2]

Tropical forest birds

The rainforests are unmatched in their richness in bird species, as some birds such as hummingbirds, hook eagles, landscape owls, toucans, parrots, quetzals, and hornbill birds make their home in the forests all year round, and others reside in them temporarily. Many songbirds spend winters in the rain forests of Mexico, Central America and South America, relying on the forest as a refuge during the cold months, and the songbird is one of the most widespread birds in North America, with 34 species of them found in areas ranging from the mainland to Alaska To Carolina, and in some groups, males remain in their northern breeding grounds while females and youngsters migrate south to Mexico. [2]

Plants of tropical forests

Over 200,000 species of plants thrive in the rainforests, and this abundance is due to the warm and humid environment, and includes some of the most beautiful and interesting plants such as; Orchids, Rubber Trees, Consul Girl Plant, Cocoa Trees, Strangler Flies, Passion Flowers, Peace Lilies, Brazil Nut Trees, Mahogany Trees, Passion Fruits, Climber Trees, Birds of Paradise, Gorge Fig, Quinine, All Forest Plants The rainforest provides food and shelter for animals as well as converting carbon dioxide into oxygen. Some plants live on branches of other plants and use “air roots” to receive food from the air. Other plants such as strangler figs wrap around large trees to fight and eventually suffocate them for survival. In addition to beauty and benefit, tropical rainforest plants contribute to modern medicine, as approximately 25% of all drugs available on the market today come from plants found only in tropical rainforests, and this includes treatments for various types of cancer, malaria, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. High blood pressure and more, yet there is still a lot of untapped potential. [2]

The most famous tropical forests in the world

Here are the ten most famous and oldest tropical forests in the world:

Amazon tropical forests

It is one of the oldest and largest tropical rainforests in the world, and it is also the most tranquil, a large part of which covers Brazil in South America, extends over about 5.5 million square miles of land, and covers eight different countries. About 40% of South America includes the Amazon. The Amazon is one of the richest places in the world. Besides providing a habitat for wildlife, it provides oxygen, water and other basic human needs. The tribes that have not yet been contacted still live in their forests, although some indigenous tribes have opened up today. On civilization, and most of it relied on the methods of the modern world, its members no longer wear aprons, and tourism has played a role in this change. [3]

Cango forests

The Congo rainforest in Africa extends over six different countries, a large part of which is located in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and it flourishes with thousands of species of plants and animals, and its trees are higher but less dense, because giant animals live there, examples of which are elephants, gibbons, and gorillas , There are also many herbivores inhabiting it, which explains the low density of trees in it. The Congo Basin faces environmental threats, and programs are already in place to protect and conserve the world’s rainforests. The Congo rainforest covers an area of ​​1.6 million square miles and has eight national parks. These parks are also among the most important World Heritage sites, in addition to their cultural importance. [3]

Bosawas Biosphere Reserve

The Bosawas rainforest is one of the richest rainforests in the world. This 7.7 thousand square miles of forest covers north-central Nicaragua and includes the borders of North and South America. Bosawas is teeming with biodiversity, and the plants and animals in the north coexist with those in the south, and are home to quetzals, and colorful birds. Bosawas is also a World Heritage Site, however, much of it remains unexplored. According to experts, most of the organisms that live in it are already on the verge of extinction, and the spider monkey and tapir bird are among the last animals to be threatened with extinction. The forest provides a great help to the local population, moreover, it includes many pools of water that supply major rivers, and unfortunately, clearing these forests for agricultural purposes also threatens these forests. [3]

Daintree Forest

Daintree is a famous forest in Australia, with an area of ​​about 463 square miles, it is also one of the oldest and largest rainforests in the world, as there are still prehistoric traces there, and it is 10 million years older than Amazon. The interesting thing about Daintree is the large number of insects, as nearly 12,000 different species live there, butterflies, bats and frogs also live there, and there are three thousand species of plants in Daintree, most of which are plants left over from the past, one example of this. ; Goof fruit, as this plant lived with dinosaurs millions of years ago. Dangerous animals also live in the heart of Daintree, such as crocodiles, snakes, and leeches that are found in swamps, however you can wander in the woods with a professional guide. [3]

Kinabalu National Park

Kinabalu National Park is home to four thousand different plants and animals, as there are many mammals, birds, snails, giant earthworms and giant leeches that inhabit Kinabalu, and the dangerous buckthorn also lives in it. There are only two types of birds that live in Kinabalu; They are friendly Dakhla birds and mountain blackbird. Kinabalu National Park covers an area of ​​291 square miles and surrounds Mount Kinabalu which is the tallest mountain in Borneo. Kinabalu is the first national park in Malaysia and also a world heritage site, and the park provides tours for visitors, as they are taken up the mountain to see the beauty of the forest below. [3]

Tropical forests of Southeast Asia

The rainforests of Southeast Asia have an area of ​​113.1 square miles, covering India, Laos, Cambodia and Malaysia. It is also an ancient forest, but it is more diverse than any other rainforest in the world, partly due to its location on the equator. Its climate allows climbing plants to flourish, and its soil is so rich that fallen seeds sprout on its bottom, and there is a type of tree called winged fruit that dominates the entire region, in addition to the flowering of honey bees there. This rainforest is one of the largest remaining forests in Asia, and unfortunately it is also depleting rapidly, as most of the local people depend on it for survival, so it is called the forest under pressure, and there is rampant deforestation activity for agricultural and industrial projects. [3]

Valdivian Tropical Forest

This temperate rainforest is located in South America, extending from Chile to Argentina and named after the city of Valdivia, with an area of ​​approximately 95.8 square miles. This temperate rainforest differs from tropical rainforests, as it witnesses the winter seasons, as it is adorned with sheets and glaciers. Most of the time it is foggy and humid due to heavy rain. There are four ecosystems in the Valdivian forests, including deciduous forests with species of beech trees, and the Northern Patagonia Forest forms a mixture of broadleaf vegetables and conifers. [3]

Tongas National Forests

The Tongas National Forest is one of the largest temperate forests in the United States, located in the Alaskan wilderness, and extending over an area of ​​26.5 square miles, only half of which are rainforest, and the other half are ice, glaciers and bodies of water. Tongas is also home to a variety of flora and fauna, most of which are rare and endangered, as brown bear, wolf and other marine species thrive there. To protect the biodiversity of Tongas, the road rule has been imposed; The rule does not allow road construction and logging, however, in 2019, Tongas faced a major threat, as the United States government abolished the “road rule” to open roads, which resulted in many trees being cut down in Alaska. [3]

Monteverde Cloud Forest

Low clouds often decorate the mountains of Costa Rica, and the Monteverde Cloud Forest is one of the rare tropical cloud forests, and it is also one of the largest rainforests in the world. 40.54 square miles of this forest reserve stretches along the edges of the Cordillera de Tillaran. Since 1972, Monteverde has been considered a reserve, protecting the area from deforestation. The forest contains six ecological regions, about 90% of these areas are virgin forests, it is home to thousands of plants, animals and insects, and it also contains the largest number of orchid species. Tourists visit Monteverde for its cloud forests and for bird watching activities. [3]

Sinharaja Forest Reserve

The area of ​​the Sinharaja Forest Reserve in Sri Lanka is; 43.19 square miles of dense rainforest, as a UNESCO heritage site, and candidate for inclusion in the list of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Sinharga has about 60% of the predominant and rare tree species, and in its forests animals such as leopards and elephants roam. Unlike other rainforests in the world, Vansinharaga limits tourism activities, due to its high level of protection, to keep it safe from human activities, and local communities also work to preserve it, however, illegal poachers and miners are still rampant. In which. [3]

So, as mentioned above, tropical forests extend within 28 degrees north or south of the equator, and this was shown in the article, along with the group of dangers that threaten tropical forests and the organisms that live in these forests, in addition to the most famous tropical forests in the world.

References

  1. ^
    panda.org , TROPICAL RAINFORESTS , 15/2/2021
  2. ^
    arborday.org , Animals and Plants of the Rain Forest , 15/2/2021
  3. ^
    nayturr.com , 10 of the Biggest and Popular Rainforests of the World That Might Surprise You , 15/2/2021